How to choose a radio / transmitter | Introduction to FPV drone for beginner
If you want to start fly Tiny Whoop / FPV drone, get a radio (digital proportional transmitter) first. As long as you have a Controller, you can start practicing maneuvering using drone simulator on your computer.
Choose Controller / Radio
The information required to select a Controller is the protocol used to communicate with the drone and whether or not a "TELEC certification" has been obtained, which indicates that it complies with the Radio Law in Japan.The products of RadioMaster, Jumper and FrSky are famous as radios for micro drones.
Communication protocol
There are various protocols for control signals sent from Controller to Drone. You don't have to understand the protocol specifications, but you need to make sure that the protocol matches between Drone and Controller you want to fly.Recent FPV drones use either " ELRS (ExpressLRS) ", "Frsky (subtype D8 or D16)" or "TBS Crossfire" protocols. Be sure to get a transmitter that supports one of these three.
Among them, ELRS (ExpressLRS) is the most popular because of its latest and high performance. However, as the protocol is still under development, it may be a little difficult for beginners to use.
For beginners, "Frsky (D8 or D16)" with stable specifications may be good. To use this protocol, get a radio with a 4in1 multi-protocol module or a CC2500 transmitter.
For "Frsky D16", it has two protocols, "Frsky Non-FCC / Frsky LBT" for Europe and "Frsky FCC / Frsky Non-EU" for other regions.
Confirmation of acquisition of 'TELEC certification' (in Japan)
Users must choose Controller with this "TELEC mark". Alternatively, although it takes time and money, you can apply for TELEC certification yourself.
Of course, even in countries other than Japan, it is necessary to use a radio that has been certified in accordance with the radio wave-related laws of each country.
Control stick / Gimbal
There are two main types of gimbals, depending on the type of sensor. One is called Hall Effect Sensor, which uses magnetism to detect position of the sticks. The other is a method that uses electrical contacts, also called Potentiometer. Hall sensors generally wear less, so they run more smoothly, last longer, but more expensive.
Also, unlike aerial photo drones and game console controllers, stick used for throttle does not have a spring, and the stick does not return to the center even if you release your finger. Therefore, specifications of left and right gimbals are different. Right stick is the throttle gimbal for mode 1/3 radio, and left stick is the throttle gimbal for mode 2/4 radio. To switch modes, it is necessary not only to change the radio settings but also to change setting or replace the gimbal.
Module bay
Firmware setup
Radio used for Tiny Whoop runs on open source firmware.
Some settings need to be made before flight is possible.
Depending on the product, it may be necessary to start by installing firmware.
Various settings and adjustments can be made by connecting PC and Radio with USB cable, and using firmware companion software (Configurator).
In recent models, it seems that OpenTX, EdgeTX are often adopted as the firmware. For information on how to set up a transmitter equipped with OpenTX / EdgeTX, refer to How to use OpenTX / EdgeTX Radio page.
Bind
Controller and Drone must first perform an operation called "bind" that connects them to each other. You can bind multiple receivers (drones) to one Radio and switch between them for maneuvering, but one receiver can only bind to one Radio. When you bind to a new transmitter, it will be unbound from the transmitter you were using. (However, when using ExpressLRS(ELRS) protocol , one receiver can bind to multiple transmitters.)To bind, first start the drone (receiver) in bind mode, then perform the bind operation on the Controller side. This procedure varies for Controller and Drones. Please read each manual carefully before operating.
Arm / Disarm
Enabling operation of drone is called Arm. After binding and turning on radio and drone, turn on Arm switch on radio to enable operations such as sticks. If you feel a danger, you can drop drone on the spot by intentionally turning off Arm switch.Normally, Arm cannot be performed unless throttle is set to zero and aircraft is level.
Multi-protocol module
This is a collection of four major communication chips CYRF6936, CC2500, A7105, and NRF24L01, also known as "4IN1 MULTI-Module" , "4-in-1" , "JP4IN1". Originally open source for personal use, it began developing in 2015 and was later sold by several manufacturers as an external module product such as Jumper JP4IN1 Multi-Protocol Module (Jumper) . Currently, it seems that it is often built into the transmitter.
You can read the list of protocols supported by MULTI-Module on Supported Protocols page of MULTI-Module official site.
ExpressLRS (ELRS)
Various radios / transmitters for Tiny Whoop / FPV drones
We explain how to use the following radios. Please click the image.RadioMaster TX16S Mk2
RadioMaster Zorro
Jumper T-Pro
Jumper T12 Pro
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Jumper T14 Radio Controller 2.42" OLED Screen Radio Controller ELRS EdgeTX
Jumper 2024/01 USD105.99
On-board firmware:EdgeTX(OpenTX)
Screen size: 2.42" (resolution 128*64). Display method: OLED. Rocker Stick Size: Standard. Hall Sensor gimbals: Hall sensor, CNC Hall sensor (Optional). Built-in RF: ELRS (915MHz/2.4GHz) (Optional). Transmission power: 1000mW (max 30dBm). External module interface: standard JR module slot (for Crossfire / JR / FrSKY). TF card: built-in chip (officially recommended by EDGETX).
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RadioMaster Pocket Radio Controller
RadioMaster 2023/08 USD64.99
On-board firmware:EdgeTX(OpenTX)
Small, lightweight radio that packs a big punch. It is available in two versions, ExpressLRS and MPM CC2500, and both versions come preinstalled with EdgeTX firmware. The Pocket is also equipped with removable stick ends and a foldable antenna, making it easy to transport and store. It is compatible with 18650 batteries, which provide long battery life for hours of fun.
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Jumper T20S Radio Controller ELRS 2.4GHz/915MHz Hall/RDC90 Sensor Gimbal
Jumper 2023/08 USD126.99
On-board firmware:EdgeTX(OpenTX)
Screen size: 1.3" OLED (resolution 128*64), Built-in RF: ELRS (915MHz/2.4GHz), Transmission power: max 1000mw, Antenna interface: SMA, Size: 185*188*68, Weight: 448g (battery not included)
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RadioMaster Boxer Radio Controller
RadioMaster 2023/01 USD139.99
On-board firmware:EdgeTX(OpenTX)
The perfect combination of size and ergonomics make the BOXER an ideal choice for pilots on the go. Featuring full size hall gimbals for precision control and an intuitive button layout, the BOXER gives you a compact radio without compromising on comfort and function.
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RadioMaster Zorro 2.4GHz 16CH Hall Sensor Gimbals
RadioMaster 2022/02 USD89.99
On-board firmware:EdgeTX(OpenTX)
Featuring an ergonomic design, large bright LCD screen in the perfect viewing position, travel adjustable HALL sensor gimbals, a nano size external RF module bay
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How to use RadioMaster Zorro -
RadioMaster T8 Pro
RadioMaster 2020/12 USD89.99
On-board firmware:OpenTX
T8 Pro is compatible with all CC2500 protocols supported by the Multi-Module project such as Frsky D8, D16, Futaba S-FHSS, RadioLink, Graupner HoTT and more! Just select the right protocol via the menu system with the included clip on OpenTX screen control unit and fully customize your model configuration with the full capability of OpenTX at your fingertips.
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RadioMaster TX12
RadioMaster 2020/10 USD105.00
On-board firmware:OpenTX
Supported protocols: Corona, Hitec, Futaba S-FHSS, Frsky D16 / D8, RadioLink, Graupner HoTT. External modules are also available: Compatible with JR / FrSKY / Crossfire. Frequency: 2.400GHZ-2.480GHZ
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RadioMaster TX16S Mark II
RadioMaster 2022/04 USD199.99
On-board firmware:EdgeTX(OpenTX)
Improved internal circuity and optimized power supply. New charge circuitry with integrated reverse-polarity protection. Optimized charge IC now allows up to 2.2A internal USB-C charge current. Rear mounted audio jack provided headphone output.
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How to use RadioMaster TX16S Mark II -
RadioMaster TX16S
RadioMaster 2020/04 USD199.99
On-board firmware:OpenTX
Multi-Protocol OpenTX Remote Controller(Mode 2), Includes: Transmitter, USB Type C Cable, Foam Case(Battery NOT included)
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Jumper T-Pro Radio Transmitter Hall Gimbal 2.4G
Jumper 2022/01 USD129.99
On-board firmware:OpenTX
JP4-in-1 Multi-protocol module included. DSM2/X, FrSKY, SFHSS, Flysky, Flysky AFHDS2A, Hubsan and more. OpenTX/EdgeTX firmware. Hall sensor gimbals. ELRS Nano / TBS CRSF Nano compatible module bay on the rear side. USB-C internal charging. Up to 16 channels of output (depending on the receiver).
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How to use Jumper T-Pro -
Jumper T-LITE Open Source Multi-Protocol RC Transmitter
Jumper 2021/01 USD83.00
On-board firmware:OpenTX
Internal Multi-protocal module. Full Size Adjustable Hall Sensor Gimbals. Internal USB-C Charging. Removable Antenna. Battery life up to 6 hours.
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Jumper T8SG V3 Multi-Protocol 2.4G 10CH Transmitter Radio
Jumper USD115.00
On-board firmware:Deviation
Features a compact size and a host of protocol options all built in to one product. Four individual RF Chip modules are all integrated with the main internal RF Module. Various protocols can be quickly and easily selected from the model menu allowing you to bind the radio to just about any major protocol in today’s market.(US)
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Jumper T12 Pro Radio Transmitter Hall Gimbal 2.4G 16CH Open Source Multi-Protocol RC Transmitter
Jumper 2020/03 USD129.99
On-board firmware:OpenTX
Comes with a R1F receiver, no need for you to find another compatible receiver, more convenient for fpv drone zealots like you. JP4-in-1 Multi-protocal module includes. DSM2/X, FrSKY, SFHSS, Flysky, Flysky AFHDS2A, Hubsan and more.
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How to use Jumper T12 Pro -
Jumper T18 Pro V2 Multi-Protocol RC Transmitter
Jumper USD209.00
On-board firmware:OpenTX
Jumper R / C's latest work: Jumper T18 Pro V2 upgrade. The built-in 4IN1 multi-protocol module realizes long-distance control of 10KM or more. The combination of a touch panel with a 4.3-inch full-color screen and the full-featured OPEN TX makes it more intuitive and convenient to operate.
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FrSky Taranis X-Lite S 24CH Radio
FrSky 2019/03 USD179.99
On-board firmware:OpenTX
Ergonomic and compact design M12 Lite hall sensor gimbals Compatibility: ACCESS and ACCST D16 mode receivers. With installed ACCESS protocol Lower latency (down to 12ms) High-speed digital interface of internal and external modules.
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FrSky Taranis X9 Lite Transmitter Access Protocol for RC Drone
FrSky 2019/06 USD99.97
On-board firmware:OpenTX
FrSky Taranis X9 Lite is a remarkable fusion of traditional radio design with the innovations of ACCESS protocol. The X9 Lite inherits its classic form factor from the FrSky Taranis X9D series remote control, along with completely preserving the comfort of the classic grip design, it also adds a program scroll button adding convenience when navigating the menu further improving the user experience.
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FrSky Taranis Q X7 16 Channels Transmitter Remote Controller
FrSky 2017/01 USD124.98
On-board firmware:OpenTX
This is a lightweight feature packed reliable system and it comes in black or white color scheme. The radio includes a Haptic Vibration Feedback System which provides an alternative feedback system to the voice and sound alert warnings.
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FrSky Tandem X20 Hall Sensor Gimbals
FrSky USD430.00
On-board firmware:OpenTX
The FrSky Tandem X20 Series is a dual-band telemetry radio system, its development has drawn on valuable feedback from FrSky’s extensive customer base, experience with previous radios and introduces many new features
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FrSky HORUS X10 Express 24CH
FrSky USD540.00
On-board firmware:OpenTX
Horus X10/S Express use the ACCESS communication protocol, it boasts 24 channels with a faster baud rate and lower latency equipped with a high-speed module digital interface
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Flysky NV14 FS-NV14 RC Nirvana Transmitter Remote Controller 2.4G 14CH
Flysky 2022/04 USD196.90
On-board firmware:OpenTX
The Nirvana NV14, which can be used for drones and R/C planes, is a 14ch transceiver set for high-end users with 2.4GHz specifications that uses a 32-bit M4 core high-performance processor with industrial-grade 166MHz SDRAM.(US)
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BETAFPV LiteRadio 3 Pro Transmitter
BETAFPV 2022/04 USD89.99
On-board firmware:EdgeTX(OpenTX)
An open-source radio remote control that supports the EdgeTX system. It comes with the hall gimbals, featuring four precision bearings, adjustable spring tension, and ergonomic stick ends for an unparalleled feel. The OLED display screen on the top of the transmitter brings visually instant data and a controlling interface to users.
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BETAFPV LiteRadio 3 Transmitter
BETAFPV 2021/12 USD59.99
On-board firmware:BETAFPV LiteRadio System
This transmitter features an ergonomically designed handle and has superb performance in its working time, newly updated gimbal, and multi-protocol support (Frsky version). Besides, this version supports BETAFPV Configurator which is a utility designed to simply update, configure, and tune the radio controller.
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BETAFPV LiteRadio 2 SE Transmitter
BETAFPV 2021/11 USD59.99
On-board firmware:BETAFPV LiteRadio System
LiteRadio 2 SE is ergonomic and has the shape of a gaming controller. It's comfortable to hold, and the anti-slip texture on the handles allows for a solid grip. LiteRadio 2 SE Supports the Frsky / Futaba, pilots can easily change Futaba, Frsky D8, Frsky FCC D16, and Frsky LBT D16 mode via the radio transmitter.
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BETAFPV LiteRadio 2 Transmitter
BETAFPV 2020/05 USD45.99
On-board firmware:OpenTX
Designed for FPV racing starters, and supports Bayang protocol and Frsky protocol (D16/ D8). LiteRadio 2 is powered by OpenTX firmware. Totally 8 channels and has a hobby-grade gimbal.
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Spektrum DXe DSMX
Spektrum USD99.99
high-end features the 7-channel Spektrum DXS radio can combine with a DMSX receiver of your choice to create the ideal system.
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